DETERMINANTS OF PREECLAMPSIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Abstract

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that can increase the risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Identifying factors associated with preeclampsia is necessary to support the early detection of high-risk pregnancies. This study aimed to analyze the association of age, parity, history of hypertension, previous history of preeclampsia, and obesity with the incidence of preeclampsia and to determine the dominant factor. This study used an analytical observational design with a case-control approach involving 136 pregnant women, consisting of 68 cases and 68 controls. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression with α≤0.05. The results showed that age (p=0.860; OR=1.064) and parity (p=0.585; OR=1.221) were not associated with the incidence of preeclampsia. A history of hypertension (p<0.001; OR=9.242), previous history of preeclampsia (p<0.001; OR=24.100), and obesity (p=0.024; OR=2.218) were associated with the incidence of preeclampsia. In the final logistic regression model, a history of hypertension had an OR=20.000, while a previous history of preeclampsia had an OR=72.000. A previous history of preeclampsia was the dominant factor associated with the incidence of preeclampsia among pregnant women in the Drupadi Ward of Jombang Regional General Hospital. Screening for a history of preeclampsia and hypertension, along with blood pressure monitoring, should be optimized during antenatal visits to support the early detection of preeclampsia.